The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 by Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August, 1834-1919

Produced by Sue Asscher

THE EVOLUTION OF MAN

A POPULAR SCIENTIFIC STUDY

BY

ERNST HAECKEL

VOLUME 2.

HUMAN STEM-HISTORY, OR PHYLOGENY.

TRANSLATED FROM THE FIFTH (ENLARGED) EDITION BY JOSEPH MCCABE.

[ISSUED FOR THE RATIONALIST PRESS ASSOCIATION, LIMITED.]

WATTS & CO., 17, JOHNSON'S COURT, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. 1911.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

INDEX.

CHAPTER 2.16. STRUCTURE OF THE LANCELET AND THE SEA-SQUIRT.

CHAPTER 2.17. EMBRYOLOGY OF THE LANCELET AND THE SEA-SQUIRT.

CHAPTER 2.18. DURATION OF THE HISTORY OF OUR STEM.

CHAPTER 2.19. OUR PROTIST ANCESTORS.

CHAPTER 2.20. OUR WORM-LIKE ANCESTORS.

CHAPTER 2.21. OUR FISH-LIKE ANCESTORS.

CHAPTER 2.22. OUR FIVE-TOED ANCESTORS.

CHAPTER 2.23. OUR APE ANCESTORS.

CHAPTER 2.24. EVOLUTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

CHAPTER 2.25. EVOLUTION OF THE SENSE-ORGANS.

CHAPTER 2.26. EVOLUTION OF THE ORGANS OF MOVEMENT.

CHAPTER 2.27. EVOLUTION OF THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM.

CHAPTER 2.28. EVOLUTION OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM.

CHAPTER 2.29. EVOLUTION OF THE SEXUAL ORGANS.

CHAPTER 2.30. RESULTS OF ANTHROPOGENY.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIGURE 2.210. THE LANCELET.

FIGURE 2.211. SECTION OF THE HEAD OF THE LANCELET.

FIGURE 2.212. SECTION OF AN AMPHIOXUS-LARVA.

FIGURE 2.213. DIAGRAM OF PRECEDING.

FIGURE 2.214. SECTION OF A YOUNG AMPHIOXUS.

FIGURE 2.215. DIAGRAM OF A YOUNG AMPHIOXUS.

FIGURE 2.216. TRANSVERSE SECTION OF LANCELET.

FIGURE 2.217. SECTION THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE LANCELET.

FIGURE 2.218. SECTION OF A PRIMITIVE-FISH EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.219. SECTION OF THE HEAD OF THE LANCELET.

FIGURES 2.220 AND 2.221. ORGANISATION OF AN ASCIDIA.

FIGURES 2.222 TO 2.224. SECTIONS OF YOUNG AMPHIOXUS-LARVAE.

FIGURE 2.225. AN APPENDICARIA.

FIGURE 2.226. Chroococcus minor.

FIGURE 2.227. Aphanocapsa primordialis.

FIGURE 2.228. PROTAMOEBA.

FIGURE 2.229. ORIGINAL OVUM-CLEAVAGE.

FIGURE 2.230. MORULA.

FIGURES 2.231 AND 2.232. Magosphaera planula.

FIGURE 2.233. MODERN GASTRAEADS.

FIGURES 2.234 AND 2.235. Prophysema primordiale.

FIGURES 2.236 AND 2.237. Ascula of Gastrophysema.

FIGURE 2.238. Olynthus.

FIGURE 2.239. Aphanostomum Langii.

FIGURES 2.240 AND 2.241. A TURBELLARIAN.

FIGURES 2.242 AND 2.243. Chaetonotus.

FIGURE 2.244. A NEMERTINE WORM.

FIGURE 2.245. AN ENTEROPNEUST.

FIGURE 2.246. SECTION OF THE BRANCHIAL GUT.

FIGURE 2.247. THE MARINE LAMPREY.

FIGURE 2.248. FOSSIL PRIMITIVE FISH.

FIGURE 2.249. EMBRYO OF A SHARK.

FIGURE 2.250. MAN-EATING SHARK.

FIGURE 2.251. FOSSIL ANGEL-SHARK.

FIGURE 2.252. TOOTH OF A GIGANTIC SHARK.

FIGURES 2.253 TO 2.255. CROSSOPTERYGII.

FIGURE 2.256. FOSSIL DIPNEUST.

FIGURE 2.257. THE AUSTRALIAN DIPNEUST.

FIGURES 2.258 AND 2.259. YOUNG CERATODUS.

FIGURE 2.260. FOSSIL AMPHIBIAN.

FIGURE 2.261. LARVA OF THE SPOTTED SALAMANDER.

FIGURE 2.262. LARVA OF COMMON FROG.

FIGURE 2.263. FOSSIL MAILED AMPHIBIAN.

FIGURE 2.264. THE NEW ZEALAND LIZARD.

FIGURE 2.265. Homoeosaurus pulchellus.

FIGURE 2.266. SKULL OF A PERMIAN LIZARD.

FIGURE 2.267. SKULL OF A THEROMORPHUM.

FIGURE 2.268. LOWER JAW OF A PRIMITIVE MAMMAL.

FIGURES 2.269 AND 2.270. THE ORNITHORHYNCUS.

FIGURE 2.271. LOWER JAW OF A PROMAMMAL.

FIGURE 2.272. THE CRAB-EATING OPOSSUM.

FIGURE 2.273. FOETAL MEMBRANES OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.274. SKULL OF A FOSSIL LEMUR.

FIGURE 2.275. THE SLENDER LORI.

FIGURE 2.276. THE WHITE-NOSED APE.

FIGURE 2.277. THE DRILL-BABOON.

FIGURES 2.278 TO 2.282. SKELETONS OF MAN AND THE ANTHROPOID APES.

FIGURE 2.283. SKULL OF THE JAVA APE-MAN.

FIGURE 2.284. SECTION OF THE HUMAN SKIN.

FIGURE 2.285. EPIDERMIC CELLS.

FIGURE 2.286. RUDIMENTARY LACHRYMAL GLANDS.

FIGURE 2.287. THE FEMALE BREAST.

FIGURE 2.288. MAMMARY GLAND OF A NEW-BORN INFANT.

FIGURE 2.289. EMBRYO OF A BEAR.

FIGURE 2.290. HUMAN EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.291. CENTRAL MARROW OF A HUMAN EMBRYO.

FIGURES 2.292 AND 2.293. THE HUMAN BRAIN.

FIGURES 2.294 TO 2.296. CENTRAL MARROW OF HUMAN EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.297. HEAD OF A CHICK EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.298. BRAIN OF THREE CRANIOTE EMBRYOS.

FIGURE 2.299. BRAIN OF A SHARK.

FIGURE 2.300. BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD OF A FROG.

FIGURE 2.301. BRAIN OF AN OX-EMBRYO.

FIGURES 2.302 AND 2.303. BRAIN OF A HUMAN EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.304. BRAIN OF THE RABBIT.

FIGURE 2.305. HEAD OF A SHARK.

FIGURES 2.306 TO 2.310. HEADS OF CHICK-EMBRYOS.

FIGURE 2.311. SECTION OF MOUTH OF HUMAN EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.312. DIAGRAM OF MOUTH-NOSE CAVITY.

FIGURES 2.313 AND 2.314. HEADS OF HUMAN EMBRYOS.

FIGURES 2.315 AND 2.316. FACE OF HUMAN EMBRYO.

FIGURE 2.317. THE HUMAN EYE.

FIGURE 2.318. EYE OF THE CHICK EMBRYO.